Here's an article about the recent abuse cases-
Autism teachers raise flags
Charges of abuse alarm parents
By T. KEUNG HUI, Staff Writer
All parents must place their trust in teachers when they send children off to school each day.
But such trust is especially critical for the parents of autistic children, some of whom can't speak for themselves.
These parents' worst fears were awakened recently by the arrests of two area teachers of autistic children on abuse charges. Both teachers say they're innocent of the charges.
"Everything revolves around the teacher," said Michele Lete, whose autistic son attends Rand Road Elementary School in Garner. "That's what's scary. If you've got a bad teacher, then everything is bad."
In August, Kathleen Yasui-Der, a former teacher of autistic children at Frank Porter Graham Elementary in Chapel Hill, was charged with two counts of assault on a handicapped person, two counts of contributing to the neglect of a minor and child abuse. This month, Melinda Dawn Whitley, a former teacher of autistic children at Wakefield Elementary in North Raleigh, was charged with misdemeanor child abuse.
Parents and advocates for autistic children are calling for greater training of teachers and for stricter guidelines on how they can control students. A state advocacy council plans to ask the General Assembly for help.
"More teacher training is needed to protect students," said Allison Bowen, interim executive director of the Governor's Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities.
Autism is a developmental disability that typically involves delays or impairment in social skills, language and behavior. Some studies suggest that as many as one of every 166 children has it.
Statewide, the number of public school students identified with autism nearly doubled from 2,273 in 1999 to 4,215 last year.
Rooting out causes
High-functioning autistic children are supposed to be in mainstream classes or mixed into classes with students who have various disabilities.
But students with more severe autism are put in separate classrooms. Some of these students can speak, but many don't or will do so only with prodding.
Such traits can tax teachers.
"We know we have children with autism who will be demanding for even the most talented and prepared teachers," said Roger Cox, director of training for TEACCH, a nationally recognized program based at UNC-Chapel Hill that provides education for autism teachers.
TEACCH encourages having structured classrooms to give autistic students a sense of order.
When problems happen, it's like playing detective to find out the cause, said Jennifer Dougherty, a teacher of autistic preschool children at Baileywick Elementary in North Raleigh. That cause could be anything from shoes being too small to fluorescent lights irritating a child's eyes.
"You have children who can't communicate what's wrong," Dougherty said. "So like anyone else who gets frustrated, you act out. You may get screaming or you may get pinched because they want you to do something that they can't communicate."
Lessons in restraint
When things really go wrong, some teachers are trained in how to physically restrain students.
"We don't get hazard pay, so we have to protect ourselves," Dougherty said. "We have to keep up our training. If you don't do the holds right, you can injure them. The holds aren't meant to be disciplinary action, but to restrain them from doing harm."
For liability reasons, teachers are advised not to physically restrain students by themselves unless necessary, said Bill Hussey, the Durham school administrator who oversees restraint training.
"When you're restraining a child and the child struggles, a lot of the times there will be bruises or red marks or burns," Hussey said. "That's when you have potential problems from parents. When you're dealing with autistic children who have escalated to a point, people may get hurt."
Whether the right methods were used is the question being asked of Yasui-Der, an award-winning special education teacher. Either the Chapel Hill teacher's approach was misconstrued as abuse or she lost her temper and hit one student on the head, pulled a student's finger back and twisted a student's arm.
Whitley's charge is different, because she is not accused of assaulting the Wakefield student. She is alleged to have allowed the student to injure herself by repeatedly banging her head on a floor, causing an open wound and extensive swelling.
Making policy
There are times when some teachers cross the line.
Since October 2003, the Governor's Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities reports receiving six complaints about mistreatment of autistic students in public schools.
The council will ask the General Assembly next year to adopt a policy on restraining and isolating disabled students in public schools. The policy also would require training for special-education teachers in defusing dangerous behavior. A similar bill died last year when education groups said it would tie teachers' hands.
Lete, a past president of the Wake County chapter of the N.C. Autism Society, remembers years ago when her son came home from school with red marks on his arm. Her inability to get him to say what happened scared her.
"Children can't tell you what's going on in class," Lete said. "When a situation happens, it's a problem getting things out."
Susan Hughes, vice president of the society's Wake chapter, said most of the system's autism teachers, such as those who've worked with her daughter, are good. But the few who aren't cannot be ignored, she said; they can cause autistic children to regress academically and socially.
"Just because our children have autism doesn't mean they deserve any less respect or less of an education," Hughes said. "When you find the bad apples, then you can't say, 'Protect the teacher.' You have to protect the children."
Parents of autistic children are upset over the recent incidents, said Judy Clute, whose son attends Dillard Drive Elementary School in Raleigh.
"It's scary," she said. "It's all the parents are talking about now."
Dani Mackison, a teacher of autistic children at Leesville Road Elementary in North Raleigh, can understand the parental fears. She was Whitley's predecessor at Wakefield and knows many of the parents who are complaining.
"It's frustrating," Mackison said. "I don't know all the facts, but we're not doing the best for them when things like this happen. This is a very vulnerable population."
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