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"Cure" suggests that there is a "Disease" in the first place.....and I'm not comfortable with that.  Given a choice the only thing I would change about my 10yo aspie is his aggression.  And you can't tell me that NT kids don't get aggressive!  My son is helpful, kind and intelligent.  Yes he does take what I say literally....and that can lead to some very interesting situations Smile  Yes he doesn't get my jokes.  Yes we have communication issues.  Yes he is "different" from me and his siblings.  But that is what makes him ... him.  I don't want that changed.
"Curing" autism would change the fundamental basis of what makes that person who they are.  And that is wrong.
I believe that a "cure" for autism should never be developed, even if it is not forced on autistics (and it certainly would be forced on many autistic children by their parents). I don't think that it is even possible to "cure" autism short of nanotechnology or implants of some kind, since it is (as far as I know) a fundamental difference in brain structure, not a simple chemical imbalance or the like. The only way to "cure" autism would likely be to completely rewire an autistic's brain.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
That being said, it's entirely a personal choice whether you would support this or not - for the most of us here, though, we do not support a cure because we would have no say in a cure - society would force it on us.


Why would society force if on you? At most I could see government funded social services for people with disabilities being eliminated for Aspies and autists.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
For starters, autistic traits would no longer be allowed for in the workplace - if a "cure" was available, the option for reasonable accomodation would be taken away.


Why would employers no longer hire those with autistic traits? If autists are worth hiring in the present I do not see how this will change if a cure is found.

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Secondly, most parents would give an available cure to their children - probably while they were too young to understand what it meant.


Probably, though parents would be trying to do what they think is best for their child. Educating them to see otherwise should be the duty of Aspies, autistics, and their NT supporters.


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Third, as you say above, funded social services would be taken away. For people unable to work, especially considering there would no longer be reasonable workplace accomodation, the choice may be between cure or starvation.


Only those services available to those considered disabled would be taken away, and given my political ideology, social democracy, that would still leave a decent level of support for autistics. Also, given that they could find employment if they took the cure their unemployment staus could be seen as voluntary.

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Fourth, those who were able to survive the other three points would still be ostracised by society for their choice, and placed under immense social pressure to conform.


Those with autistic traits are already ostracised to some degree already and there is social pressure for them to conform to NT standards.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
Right now, not modifying the workplace to reasonably accommodate an autistic person would be considered discrimination.

If the cure option was available, the behavior would be seen as the persons choice, and firing them for this behavior would no longer be considered discrimination.

It's pretty well established that the qualities involved in getting a job are entirely separate to the qualities involved in keeping a job.


The discrimination laws in the US are pretty weak. For one thing, it takes a long time to get heard. For another, they can always say that someone else was better qualified for the job. Its tough to prove otherwise.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
It's true that parents do "what they think is right" for autistic children - unfortunately, parents can justify just about anything in the name of what they think is right.

I don't see this as merely an "our job to educate" issue - I believe that drastic alteration of neurology is unethical in and of itself, and as such, should not be permitted.

In any case, my original statement was that society would force a cure on us - and it seems that you have acknowledged that it would "probably" be forced on autistic children.


Autism is seen by the public at large as a disability. It is not considered unethical to cure someone of a disability. Unless public opinion changes if a cure is found it will be used and seen as ethical. In fact, parents who choose not to use the cure may be seen as bad parents.

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Many autistic people need specific kinds of support to survive. My point here seems to have been reiterated - their unemployment status would be seen as voluntary, thus creating the choice between cure and starvation.

It's great that your political ideology would still leave a decent level of support for autistics, but in reality this would not happen.


If their unemployment is the result of not taking the cure why can't it  be seen as voluntary unemployment?

Also, I hope that you are wrong about the US welfare state.

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Very true. Now imagine how much worse this would become if autistic people were seen to be choosing the way they act.


They would be, to some degree, be choosing the way they act.

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I should also point out that I believe that a real cure would be an impossibility - after all, autistic people have structurally different brains, not merely differing chemical levels.

Generally, when I debate the cure idea, it is because I believe the myth of the cure is damaging, not because I believe that the cure is going to happen.

The majority of autism fundraising money currently goes into cure research, rather than support services. If this could be redirected into something that would actually help autistic people, rather than aiming to destroy them, things would be much better for autistics.


A cure might be possible, though it would probably be necessary to change the physical structure of the brain. We're a long way from that. Research into finding a cure may help us understand the how the brain works, how NTs and Autistics differ and why, perhaps even how we could combine the benefits of autism and NTness.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
It seems that you agree with most of what I have said - our only difference appears to be that you see no issue with someone being forced into personality altering surgery in order to gain basic human rights.


Being forced by economic circumstances is a lot different from be coerced by the state.

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Reasonable accomodation in the workplace isn't really too much to ask, and it's also reasonable to disallow parents from authorising irreversable brain surgery on their children. Having the cure option available would make these two things impossible.


Those employers who find reasonable accomadation profitable now will find it so if a cure is found. Letting parents authorizing irreversible is not controversial to the population at large. Parents of children with severe epilepsy often take out half the brain with no ill will by society.

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It's true, but a much more effective way to help us understand how the brain works is to research how the brain works.


Seeing how NTs and Autistic brains differ  will give researchers different avenues unavailable to them otherwise. Also having a concrete goal probably helps with funding.

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The ethical issue with removing "autism" via this kind of surgery is that it's core personality that is being altered. If it were merely skill levels, it wouldn't be ab issue, and research into "combining the benefits of autism and NTness" would not be such a disturbing concept.


As a transhumanist I do not think that this kind of surgery changes the core personality.

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Besides which, it's quite easy to combine the benefits of autism and neurotypicalism: Find one autistic person and one neurotypical person, then ask them to work together.


Combine them in one person., I meant

(***Edited to fix quoting structure - Zakkie***)

Tigger_the_Wing Wrote:
I have known people with brain injuries whose personalities were changed completely - they effectively became new people who just looked like the old one. Of course, if the 'cure' happened to a tiny child, it would be impossible to know what their personalities would have been without surgery/injury.


What kind of brain injuries did they sustain?

EvilZakkie Wrote:
True - the phrase I used was "society would force it on us". Economic forces are a part of our current society.


Perhaps I have been debating politics for too long. Force is usually linked with government coercion in political debates.

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It doesn't quite work that way - there's employers do not wish to make allowances for individuals, and will not do so without justification. If a cure was available, they could justify not making reasonable accomodations. As it is, they cannot.


From what I know of the anti discrimination laws are not very effective given that it can take years to resolve in court and it is hard to prove that they didn't base their decision on some degree

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And again, I agree that the autism cure is "not controversial to the population at large", and will bear "no ill will by society". That's the problem.


My point was you will not be able to force parents not to use the cure unless you convince society at large that is it unethical.

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There's plenty of positive goals researchers could be funded to engage in, and no reason that a researcher couldn't examine the brains of NTs and Autistics regardless of what was being researched.

Some examples of positive research would be the cause of increased prevalence of seizure activity in autistic people, cognitive development strategies, etc.


The researchers think that the cure is a noble goal and I see nothing wrong with offering adult autists the choice to stay autistic or not. Also I doubt that those who fund the research would be as generous for those other goals as for the cure.

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This doesn't make much sense. Do you mean "As a transhumanist I do not have an issue with altering core personality"? Or possibly "As a transhumanist I do not believe in the existence of core personality"?

Autism influences every aspect of a persons personality. Remove autism, and you have a different person.


I meant that someone is still the same person as they would be after the cure as they were before the cure. We are talking about identity here. I am taking the view that there is enough continuity between both selves to say that they share the same identity.

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I know - I was indicating that there's no need to do so.


I for one would rather have both.

Batman55 Wrote:
Hopefully the kind that you receive, somewhere in the future.  You'll come back to this thread and say "those are not my beliefs, and never were..."


Thank you for showing me that rudeness is an equal opportunity flaw, NTs are not the only ones who possess it. I do not wish to interact with you either.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
True, but cut the research funding, and the problem goes away. I think it's entirely possible to convince parents that the funding is better spent on things that will actually help their children.


Are parents of Autistics the main source of funding for Autism research?

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The original point that prompted this debate was that if a cure was available, society would force it on us. You don't appear to disagree with this.


Everyone, whether NT or not is forced, to abide by the decisions of their parents when they are children and by economic realities when they are adults

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Also, the fact that the researchers think the goal is noble is irrelevant. If a researcher has a point to add to the pro/anti cure debate, I'd look at it - but them merely thinking that they're right isn't worth talking about.


That they mean well has no relevance to whether or not a cure is a good thing, but it does speak to the character of the researchers.

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It all depends on how you define identity, I guess. To me, identity involves interests, methodology of thought, ethical systems, the criteria for evaluating other people... All these things would be drastically altered by switching neurotypes.

Granted, these things can evolve naturally - but each new thing is built upon the old, which makes it very different...


How is it different? A person's interests, ethical system, methodology, etc  post cure would not be based upon their precure self? Do tell how the cure gives one new a priori knowledge.


BobB Wrote:
GnosisRoads,
  Like EvilZakkie said, the majority of fundraising money goes to 'cure research'; the vast majority of *that* money is going for finding a way to do pre-natal screening for autism. If they *find* this 'cure', what'll it do for people who are already here?

Nothing.

So, if it does nothing for people who are here, how is it a 'cure'?

  Awhile back, a pre-natal genetic screening test was found for Down's Syndrome; since that time, over 90% of Down's Syndrome fetuses have been aborted!

  And if they find something for autism, it'll happen the *exact* same way!

  So why do a lot of costly research when you can just do genetic screening and *abort* all those potentially burdensome autistic fetuses?

  This is why the 'find a cure' argument is so deceptive; they're *not* looking for a cure, they're looking to eliminate autism from the gene pool!

  And therein lies the myth of the 'autism cure'.

  "How could anyone *not* want to find a cure?"

  People are *naturally* going to want to find a cure for a disease; it's part of their compassionate nature. The problem is that their compassion is being subverted. People don't realize just exactly what the 'cure' is all about; all they hear is that "autism is a terrible disease that effects 1 in 150 children", so they go along with the 'hope' that a cure can be found.

  Do you think that the general public would be so compassionate and fund autism research if they were told "We must practice genocide in order to stop autism"?

  Probably not, but you never know...

  Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." (italics mine)

  Bottom line: The curebies want autistic *genocide*!

  They're just *sugar-coating* it to make it acceptable...

  -BobB


You do realize that equating the end of autistics because parents choose not to have autistic children with genocide will alienate curebies who may be willing to listen to the arguments of noncurebies(is there another term for those who are anti-cure)? Aborting embryos/fetuses with disabilities or genetically fixing them is relatively uncontroversial because they possess disabilities. Who wishes to inflict diabetes, Down Syndrome, Fragile-X Syndrome, or severe depression on their children?  Few if any. To persuade others that aborting or genetically engineering autistics is wrong you should argue why abortion or the selection of traits is by nature unethical or why autism is not a disability/disorder.

GnosisRoads Wrote:
You do realize that equating the end of autistics because parents choose not to have autistic children with genocide will alienate curebies who may be willing to listen to the arguments of noncurebies(is there another term for those who are anti-cure)? Aborting embryos/fetuses with disabilities or genetically fixing them is relatively uncontroversial because they possess disabilities. Who wishes to inflict diabetes, Down Syndrome, Fragile-X Syndrome, or severe depression on their children?  Few if any. To persuade others that aborting or genetically engineering autistics is wrong you should argue why abortion or the selection of traits is by nature unethical or why autism is not a disability/disorder.


GnosisRoads,
  I'm just going to defer to what gitchel said above, since he put it so well.  Smile

  -BobB

gitchel Wrote:
Deciding not to abort a child with the potential for a particular genetic trait is NOT the same as inflicting a painful life on them. That is an awfully self-aggrandizing perspective, and pretty bigoted, too. Given the non-accuracy of prenatal testing when it comes to predicting the future of each particular baby, it's like concluding that all black babies should be aborted because they are so likely to end up in prison.


If I have a severely depressed child, and I could have had it otherwise. am I not at least partially the cause of said depression? Anyway, I think people would prefer to genetically engineer autistc genes rather than use abortion

gitchel Wrote:
I tend to use the presence of this kind of thinking in a post as an indicator of severely compromised reasoning powers - also know as "a selfish, arrogant jerk who thinks he should be in charge of the world, since it clearly isn't working the way he thinks it should."


The world does not work the way anyone wishes it did. If I asked anyone here who wishes things were different in the world would you say they are selfish arrogant jerks for wanting that?

gitchel Wrote:
Look. I know that letting natural selection take its course will always result in many subnominal combinations. It will also result in many supranominal combinations. The supranominal will succeed in reproducing more often and the subnominal will fail to reproduce more often. The plan is that the human race improves and life improves for everyone on the planet.


Evolution has no plan.

gitchel Wrote:
My suspicion is that this whole process is a lot more complex than it appears on the surface, and may be incredibly vulnerable to tampering from those who prefer to skip the whole adventure of having both negative and positive changes. You cannot have one without the other. You cannot use a genetic marker test - a tool with an edge as sharp as a caveman's first sharp rock - to reliably tweak the genetic future of humanity.


Perhaps, perhaps not. If genetic science advances enough we may be able to create new gene sequences that do not have negative effects or if they do they are outweighed by their benefits.

gitchel Wrote:
Autism is not a disability. It is a genetic difference that often carries disabilities with it, and also often carries benefits with it. If this set of genes is allowed to play itself out naturally, it will carry MORE benefits and LESS disabilities with it. as the generations gos on.


So if we could get more of the benefits with fewer of the disabilities in a fraction of the time it would otherwise take would that be an ethical thing to do?

gitchel Wrote:
If it is artificially selected out, then it will occur more and more often to poor and uneducated families with less and less resources. Even if they chanced to create a beneficial combination, the child would be so disempowered as to still not be reproductively viable. And it would live out its life in the worst circumstances, and without the social support structure that would have been in place to empower large numbers of autistics - since eugenic abortion would asure that society wouldn't have to develop or support such programs.


Perhaps. It depends on whether or not governemts will decide to subsidze it or not. Given enough momentum international competition may cause more and more countries to do so.

gitchel Wrote:
So, artificial selection actually creates more misery for the autistics who manage to live. It also deletes a potentially beneficial - or even necessary - change to the human genome. The test is so blunt as to guarantee that the vast majority of fetus' aborted would have led viable, perhaps exceptional lives. When we rely on prenatal screening as a matter of routine, the assumption grows that, beyond a woman's personal right to decide whether or not to reproduce, she has a right to choose between babies using whatever rational she likes - though some would at least insist that her criteria is socially popular.


That is only if the test does not change. This is unlikely to happen. People might choose for autistic traits if its extremely probable that the benefits outway the costs.

Also, why shouldn't women have the ability to choose the kind of child she bears? It could logically follow that if you allow abortion you must give women right to choose to bear the offspring she wishes.

gitchel Wrote:
Given all of this, how can eugenic abortion be ethical? What benefit does it bring to the child, the community, or the world? It only has one benefit, and to only one group - the parents of the autistics who need the most help. And the only benefit it brings those parents is the short term benefit of not having to raise a child who needs help from society that society refuses to give. This is an understandable, but nonetheless selfish perspective on which to hang an ethical endorsement.


Eugenic abortion is not the ideal. The ideal is to genetically engineer away disbalities and enginner in enhancements. Given that you argue that autism has benefits people may engineer it in, or at least a modified version thereof, in which the benefits outweigh the disablities. Doesnot having healthier, happier, more intelligent children with few if any disabilities benefit the children, society, and the parents?

gitchel Wrote:
The real answer to the emotional weight of that one benefit is that it is unethical for society to ignore its duty to its own offspring - now and future - and to refuse to contribute the extra resources necessary to allow these children to live the lives the deserve.


I find that making my children healthier, happier, and more intelligent while taking away whatever disabilities  they may have had a very ethical thing to do. Also, as I have said before, my ideal government would give much support to everyone whether NT or autistic.

Tigger_the_Wing  Wrote:

GnosisRoads - I have already given real-life examples of the complete personality change that accompanies whole-brain trauma, and that is what one would have to inflict upon an autistic brain in order to turn it into one that the current society deems acceptable.

And you would seem to have already decided that human beings have relative values. Many of us are emphatically against that notion, and regard all human life as having equal value.

[quote=Tigger_the_Wing ] I wonder what exactly is taught in Ethics classes in schools these days? Are there no absolutes any more?


Tigger, without knowing what exact syndromes they had. how much they changed, and whatnot I can not judge how different they became and how it compares to an neural cure for autism. You said one guy became a lot friendlier and nice. I have known people who converted to Christianity and because of that they became friendly, less angry people. Did they become different people? On an unrelated note, I am an agnostic.

I believe all people are of equal moral worth. Mental and physical traits however are a different matter.

Tigger_the_Wing  Wrote:

I wonder what exactly is taught in Ethics classes in schools these days? Are there no absolutes any more?


They taught me not to jump to conclusions before all information was available to me, for one.

Pakrat Wrote:
And that is a good thing how?


Its not, but its different from having the cure made mandatory.

gitchel Wrote:
I'd say to treat the depression, and get on with life.



And if treatment is not effective and said child committs suicide?

gitchel Wrote:
Not sure what you mean about genetically engineering autistics.


As in taking embryos that would not be autistic and put in genes that cause autism.

gitchel Wrote:
That's not what I was talking about. I meant that it is sloppy thinking to think that abortion is merciful. Aborting babies is not rescuing them. Period. This isn't logical in any axiomatic system. You don't recuse someone from a difficult life by kiling them. By that reasoning, we should abort every baby who doesn't have a trust fund, and a pony.


It would be logical if one axiom of the system is killing babies is saving them, but that is beside the point. The ideal, as I have said, is not to abort babies but to change their genetic code.

gitchel Wrote:
Actually it does. Evolution has a plan the way a house or a watch or a computer chip has a plan. It works the way it works. If you leave your hands off of it, it will carry on through eternity doing what it is built to do.

I won't debate whether it was Intelligent Design, or it just started working by accident and keeps getting better and better at it because of quantum physics. Either way, it does what it does, and I think we should leave it be.


There are two ways I can go about this. One is that in the long run natural selection still occurs. Natural selection is a long run kind thing after all. Artificial selection can not stop it forever. Another is that through things like vaccines, antibiotics, clean drinking water, ect we have already messed with natural selection. Should we go back to a preindutrial society so natural selection will be pure again?


gitchel Wrote:
Or we could let THIS gene sequence alone, and see if IT has benefits that outweight negative


You are against having autistic children with few if any disabilities?

gitchel Wrote:
That isn't how it works. When you start that kind of artificial "improvement" you eventually end up with bizarre behaviors and flaws. Artificial selection causes short term gains, but long term failures.


How what works? Natural selection? Yes its cruel.

gitchel Wrote:
If we abort autistics as routine, then there will be few autistics born. Government will certainly find more dramatic "epidemics" to care about. Especially since it's an "irresponsible parent who births a defective baby on purpose."


If there are fewer autistics than there are fewer who need extra resources. Also, they may be given extra resources to compensate for their parents choices.

gitchel Wrote:
The strengths won't develop unless we let the strain develop om its own. No one would chose autism now. And so they will never have a chance to choose them later.


Few would choose autism now, but an autism modified to have many benefits and few drawbacks is a whole nother story.

gitchel Wrote:
As I've explained before, the right to choose wether to have a baby comes from the woman's right to self-control. That does not extend to the right to control someone else. Once she has chosen to create a baby, there is no additional right to pick and choose BETWEEN different babies.


The ideal is to choose between different mental and physcial traits through genetic engineering. Would you mind if people altered the DNA of their gametes? Those are not babies by any definition.

Ethel Wrote:
Well, that's where it ends, isn't it?  First get society used to aborting all the fetuses which test positive for things like Downs syndrome, after all it's "for their own good" so they won't be "a drain on resources".  

Then the autistics, for the same reasons.

Then hose with ADD, learning disabilities, dyslexia, epilepsy.  Then the schizophrenics, the depressed and the bipolar.  The diabetics.  The racial minorities.   The poor.


If we can genetically engineer away the above disorders and poverty I do not see why that is a bad thing.

Tigger_the_Wing Wrote:
Gareth - please can we lock GnosisRoads and Lousie18 into a room together?

<j/k>


I thank you for the courtesy you have shown me.

EvilZakkie Wrote:
At the end of the day, the cure ideology is only dangerous if it would encourage others to also support the cure viewpoint.

GnosisRoads, it would appear that we are not going to agree, as the basic ethical precepts we are debating on are out of synch - it would be like having a health care debate with someone who believed that the economy was more important than human life. It can't be done.

Your basic precept is that genetically altering people to a state of "perfection" is a desirable goal. Our basic precept is that human diversity is a desirable thing. These two things do not mesh in any way, thus making further debate useless.

That being said, as per my first sentence, I do not believe that your ideology is a threat, simply because no-one is going to back the idea of replacing humanity with genetically altered super-people. In fact, a curbie reading your ideology may have to think twice about their own ideas of genetic supremacy - so it would be a great help if you were to head to the Autism Speaks forums and try to convince the people there...

In the meantime, I think this conversation has run its course...


EvilZakkie, I am somewhat offended that you cast me as someone who cares more about the economy than human life. I care about both but if push comes to shove then I care more about human life. Only somewhat because you have been nothing but fair and honest to me in this thread and my beliefs may be deeply offensive to you.

Perfection I think is a desirable goal, but why do you think that precludes diversity? People believe different traits have different values. I think that diversity will increase not decrease. My view of the future includes AIs, uplifted animals, and cyborgs. How is that less diverse than what we ave now?

I don't beleieve it will change the minds of curebie if they disagree with me. Genetic engineering enhancements is controversial. Curing various disorders is not.

pikajedi4 Wrote:
an idea hath occurred.


Gnosis;

Autism is a sign that the Human gene pool is still varied, and thus healthy.
however, if we start removing things from the gene pool, bleaching it if you will, removing...Autism, Dys/Hyperlexia, Downs, OCD and so on, you are in fact making the race as a whole weaker.


Do any of the above affect ones resistance to diseases? I would like a

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and of course, if a cure is developed, and we refuse it (which is highly unlikely, as it would be forced upon us, in restraints if need be (for "our own protection, of course)), you honestly think we would be able to find employment? support? sympathy?
if so, go watch Gattaca.


You would still be able to find employment and have at least as much support as an NT, which will hopefully be a lot with a well developed welfare state. Sympathy, I dunno.


M Wrote:
How ridiculous could you be?  Poverty will always exist.  The human race has never established a utopia.  If genetic "disorders" were eliminated there would still be inequality, poverty, exploitation.  If wouldn't be about race, it could be about penis size for all we know.


If we could make the children of those in poverty suffer not poverty themselves then that is admirable in itself. I was only talking hypothetically.

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